信息化 频道

柔性的概念研究

   这个框架是用于选定讨论柔性范围的标准,故我们在需要度量柔性时我们可以说我们度量的是某个机器在极短期内对于某种车削加工的机器柔性。这样在讨论柔性的度量时不至于显得盲目。在实际的运用中,一些柔性的度量方法也在不经意之中进行了这样的选择。比如[13]中柔性的时间维是极短期,层次维是机器柔性,而被忽略的领域曾实际是使用了企业可能需要进行的加工工序作为讨论的领域。

  在确定一个所需讨论的具体范围后,柔性的具体表现就由柔性的三个基础属性来衡量。这三个属性存在与任何范围的柔性中。在实际的问题中可以使用可完成领域中种类的多少来描述范围。范围的度量可以是连续的也可以是离散的,因为领域是一类相关操作的集合,故这种绝对的值实际上要比在全部范围内考虑系统可完成的操作范围要来的客观。灵活性则为在这个范围中所转变所需的花费和时间,值得注意的是,当所花费时间超过时间的刻度时,这个操作被看作是无法实现。一致性则较为难用数字化的手段进行描述,因为一类的操作间的效率可能不好进行比较。比如A操作须时100min而B操作需要50min,但是B操作本身就比A操作更费事,这里很难确认究竟系统在进行A操作时比较有效还是在进行B操作时比较有效。

  5.小结

  柔性作为现代市场中的一个竞争因素已经越来越受到人们的重视,但是在长达20年的讨论后仍然没有一个决定性的结果。造成这个原因的结果是很多研究只将柔性的研究放在了一个自己所关心的领域,而很少有研究将柔性整体的考虑建立一个有效的框架并细化其中的一些准则和概念定义。特别是许多度量的研究严重的同柔性的定义和概念脱节,急于寻找一种方法能够来描述一个柔性系统的表现的计算方法,这些方法将柔性混入了表现中,使得本来就多维和复杂的柔性概念变的越来越模糊。本文提出的框架尽管有许多地方没有完善,但是可能从方向上提出了一个解决这些问题的方法。其中用柔性一致性的概念将柔性与系统效率划分开来,也很好的解答了[9]中关于两个效率相同但是大小不同的系统柔性大小的问题,即两个系统的柔性大小是一样的,这样将柔性与效率分离可以给决策者更细致的信息,使得他们能够思考是否应当去牺牲效率去获得柔性来维持其对未来市场的占有率。(e-works)

    参考文献:
    [1] 吴东鹰, 王浣臣. 制造系统柔性研究的现状. 系统工程理论方法应用. 1994. Vol.3, No.3: 24-30.
    [2]  Vinod Kumar. Entropic measures of manufacturing flexibility. International Journal of production research. 1987. Vol.25, No.7:957-966
    [3]  A.R. Cannon, C. H. St John. Competitive strategy and plant-level flexibility. International Journal of production research. 2004. Vol.42, No.10 :1987-2007.
    [4]  A. DE TONI and S. TONCHIA.  Manufacturing flexibility_a literature review. International Journal of production research. 1998. Vol.36, No.6 :1587-1617.
    [5]  Sethi, A. K., and Sethi, S. P., 1990, Flexibility in manufacturing: a survey. International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Vol.2,No.4,: 289-328.
    [6]  Lori L. Koste a, Manoj K. Malhotra. A theoretical framework for analyzing the dimensions of manufacturing flexibility. Journal of Operations Management 1999 Vol.18:75–93
    [7]  N. VAN HOP and K. RUENGSAK. Fuzzy estimation for manufacturing flexibility. International Journal of production research. 2005. Vol.43, No.17 :3605-3617.
    [8]  John P. Shewchuk , Colin L. Moodie. A framework for classifying flexibility types in manufacturing. Computer in industry. 1997. Vol.33:261-269.
    [9]  AN-YUAN CHANG, DAVID J. WHITEHOUSE,SHENG-LIN CHANG and YI-CHIH HSIEH. An approach to the measurement of single-machine flexibility. International Journal of production research. 2001. Vol.39, No.8 :1589-1601.
    [10]  Upton, D. M., 1994, The management of manufacturing flexibility. California Management Review, pp. 72- 89, Winter.
    [11]  V.P. Kochikar, T.T. Narendran. A framework for assessing the flexibility of manufacturing systems. International Journal of production research. 1992. Vol.30, No.12 :2873-2895.
    [12]  Browne, J.,Dubois,D., Rathmill,K., Sethi, S. P., and Stecke,K. E., 1984, Classification of  flexible manufacturing systems. The FMS Magazine, 2 (2), 114- 117.
    [13]  M.I.M. Wahab , Desheng Wu , Chi-Guhn Lee. A generic approach to measuring the machine flexibility. European Journal of Operations Management 2007.
    [14]  J. P. SHEWCHUK. A set of generic flexibility measures for manufacturing applications. International Journal of production research. 1999. Vol.37, No.13 :3017-3042.
    [15]  M. BARAD and S. Y . NOF. CIM Flexibility measures A review and a framework for analysis and applicability assessment. International Journal of computer Integrated manufacturing . 1997. Vol. 10. No. 1-4. :296-308.
    [16]  M. ZUKIN and R. E. YOUNG. Applying fuzzy logic and constraint networks to a problem of manufacturing flexibility. International Journal of production research. 2001. Vol.39, No.14 :3253-3273.
    [17]  Derrick E. D’Souza, Fredrik P. Williams. Toward a taxonomy of manufacturing flexibility dimensions. Journal of Operations Management. 2000. Vol. 18: 577-593.
    [18]  Lori L. Koste, Manoj K. Malhotra , Subhash Sharma. Measuring dimensions of manufacturing flexibility.  Journal of Operations Management. 2004. Vol. 24: 171-196..
    [19]  Carter M F. Designing flexibility into automated manufacturing system. Porc. Of the 2nd ORSA/TIMS Conf. on Flexible Manufacturing Systems: Operations Research Models and Applications, edited by Stecke K E & Suri R, Elsevier Publ., Amsterdam, 1986,107-118.
    [20]  M. I. M. WAHAB. Measuring machine and product mix flexibilities.  International Journal of production research. 2005. Vol.43, No.18 :3773-3786.

0
相关文章